chroot est installé de base sur la distribution Debian. Il est probable que ça soit le cas pour les autres distributions GNU/Linux majeures.
En revanche, pour installer une Debian dans un chroot, on va installer debootstrap. Installation sur une Debian :
# apt search debootstrap debootstrap/stable 1.0.89 all Installation d'un système Debian de base # apt install debootstrap (...)
Installation sur une Fedora :
[simon@localhost chroot]$ su Mot de passe : [root@localhost chroot]# yum search debootstrap
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Dernière vérification de l’expiration des métadonnées effectuée il y a 1:25:28 le ven 13 oct 2017 09:42:00 CEST. ===================================================== Nom Exactly Matched: debootstrap ====================================================== debootstrap.noarch : Debian GNU/Linux bootstrapper
[root@localhost chroot]# yum install debootstrap
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Dernière vérification de l’expiration des métadonnées effectuée il y a 0:00:00 le ven 13 oct 2017 11:07:41 CEST. Dépendances résolues. ============================================================================================================================================= Paquet Architecture Version Dépôt Taille ============================================================================================================================================= Installation de : debootstrap noarch 1.0.91-1.fc26 updates 80 k Installation des dépendances: keyrings-filesystem noarch 1-6.fc26 fedora 7.1 k Installation des dépendances faibles: debian-keyring noarch 2017.6-1.fc26 updates 58 k ubu-keyring noarch 2016.10.27-2.fc26 fedora 21 k Résumé de la transaction ============================================================================================================================================= Installer 4 Paquets Taille totale des téléchargements : 166 k Taille des paquets installés : 338 k Voulez-vous continuer ? [o/N] :o Téléchargement des paquets : (1/4): keyrings-filesystem-1-6.fc26.noarch.rpm 31 kB/s | 7.1 kB 00:00 (2/4): debootstrap-1.0.91-1.fc26.noarch.rpm 277 kB/s | 80 kB 00:00 (3/4): debian-keyring-2017.6-1.fc26.noarch.rpm 192 kB/s | 58 kB 00:00 (4/4): ubu-keyring-2016.10.27-2.fc26.noarch.rpm 151 kB/s | 21 kB 00:00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 72 kB/s | 166 kB 00:02 Test de la transaction en cours La vérification de la transaction a réussi. Lancement de la transaction de test Transaction de test réussie. Exécution de la transaction Préparation : 1/1 Installation de : keyrings-filesystem-1-6.fc26.noarch 1/4 Installation de : debian-keyring-2017.6-1.fc26.noarch 2/4 Installation de : ubu-keyring-2016.10.27-2.fc26.noarch 3/4 Installation de : debootstrap-1.0.91-1.fc26.noarch 4/4 Exécution du scriptlet: debootstrap-1.0.91-1.fc26.noarch 4/4 Vérification de : debootstrap-1.0.91-1.fc26.noarch 1/4 Vérification de : debian-keyring-2017.6-1.fc26.noarch 2/4 Vérification de : keyrings-filesystem-1-6.fc26.noarch 3/4 Vérification de : ubu-keyring-2016.10.27-2.fc26.noarch 4/4 Installé : debootstrap.noarch 1.0.91-1.fc26 debian-keyring.noarch 2017.6-1.fc26 ubu-keyring.noarch 2016.10.27-2.fc26 keyrings-filesystem.noarch 1-6.fc26 Terminé !
On crée le dossier qui va accueillir notre nouvelle racine :
root@laptop:/home/simon# mkdir -p chroot/debian-stretch
Et on lance l'installation d'une Debian Stretch dans le dossier qu'on vient de créer :
root@laptop:/home/simon# debootstrap --arch=amd64 --include=locales-all stretch chroot/debian-stretch http://ftp.be.debian.org/debian/
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I: Retrieving InRelease I: Retrieving Release I: Retrieving Release.gpg I: Checking Release signature I: Valid Release signature (key id 067E3C456BAE240ACEE88F6FEF0F382A1A7B6500) I: Retrieving Packages I: Validating Packages I: Resolving dependencies of required packages... I: Resolving dependencies of base packages... I: Found additional required dependencies: libaudit-common libaudit1 libbz2-1.0 libcap-ng0 libdb5.3 libdebconfclient0 libgcrypt20 libgpg-error0 liblz4-1 libncursesw5 libsemanage-common libsemanage1 libsystemd0 libudev1 libustr-1.0-1 I: Found additional base dependencies: dmsetup gnupg-agent libapparmor1 libassuan0 libbsd0 libc-l10n libcap2 libcryptsetup4 libdevmapper1.02.1 libdns-export162 libelf1 libfastjson4 libffi6 libgmp10 libgnutls30 libhogweed4 libidn11 libidn2-0 libip4tc0 libip6tc0 libiptc0 libisc-export160 libksba8 liblocale-gettext-perl liblognorm5 libmnl0 libncurses5 libnetfilter-conntrack3 libnettle6 libnfnetlink0 libnpth0 libp11-kit0 libpsl5 libseccomp2 libsqlite3-0 libtasn1-6 libtext-charwidth-perl libtext-iconv-perl libtext-wrapi18n-perl libunistring0 libxtables12 pinentry-curses xxd I: Checking component main on http://ftp.be.debian.org/debian... I: Retrieving libacl1 2.2.52-3+b1 I: Validating libacl1 2.2.52-3+b1 I: Retrieving adduser 3.115 I: Validating adduser 3.115 I: Retrieving libapparmor1 2.11.0-3 I: Validating libapparmor1 2.11.0-3 I: Retrieving apt 1.4.8 I: Validating apt 1.4.8 I: Retrieving apt-utils 1.4.8 I: Validating apt-utils 1.4.8 I: Retrieving libapt-inst2.0 1.4.8 I: Validating libapt-inst2.0 1.4.8 I: Retrieving libapt-pkg5.0 1.4.8 I: Validating libapt-pkg5.0 1.4.8 I: Retrieving libattr1 1:2.4.47-2+b2 I: Validating libattr1 1:2.4.47-2+b2 I: Retrieving libaudit-common 1:2.6.7-2 I: Validating libaudit-common 1:2.6.7-2 I: Retrieving libaudit1 1:2.6.7-2 I: Validating libaudit1 1:2.6.7-2 I: Retrieving base-files 9.9+deb9u1 I: Validating base-files 9.9+deb9u1 I: Retrieving base-passwd 3.5.43 I: Validating base-passwd 3.5.43 I: Retrieving bash 4.4-5 I: Validating bash 4.4-5 I: Retrieving libdns-export162 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-12.3+deb9u3 I: Validating libdns-export162 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-12.3+deb9u3 I: Retrieving libisc-export160 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-12.3+deb9u3 I: Validating libisc-export160 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-12.3+deb9u3 I: Retrieving bsdmainutils 9.0.12+nmu1 I: Validating bsdmainutils 9.0.12+nmu1 I: Retrieving libbz2-1.0 1.0.6-8.1 I: Validating libbz2-1.0 1.0.6-8.1 I: Retrieving libdebconfclient0 0.227 I: Validating libdebconfclient0 0.227 I: Retrieving coreutils 8.26-3 I: Validating coreutils 8.26-3 I: Retrieving cpio 2.11+dfsg-6 I: Validating cpio 2.11+dfsg-6 I: Retrieving cron 3.0pl1-128+b1 I: Validating cron 3.0pl1-128+b1 I: Retrieving libcryptsetup4 2:1.7.3-4 I: Validating libcryptsetup4 2:1.7.3-4 I: Retrieving dash 0.5.8-2.4 I: Validating dash 0.5.8-2.4 I: Retrieving libdb5.3 5.3.28-12+deb9u1 I: Validating libdb5.3 5.3.28-12+deb9u1 I: Retrieving debconf 1.5.61 I: Validating debconf 1.5.61 I: Retrieving debconf-i18n 1.5.61 I: Validating debconf-i18n 1.5.61 I: Retrieving debian-archive-keyring 2017.5 I: Validating debian-archive-keyring 2017.5 I: Retrieving debianutils 4.8.1.1 I: Validating debianutils 4.8.1.1 I: Retrieving diffutils 1:3.5-3 I: Validating diffutils 1:3.5-3 I: Retrieving dmidecode 3.0-4 I: Validating dmidecode 3.0-4 I: Retrieving dpkg 1.18.24 I: Validating dpkg 1.18.24 I: Retrieving e2fslibs 1.43.4-2 I: Validating e2fslibs 1.43.4-2 I: Retrieving e2fsprogs 1.43.4-2 I: Validating e2fsprogs 1.43.4-2 I: Retrieving libcomerr2 1.43.4-2 I: Validating libcomerr2 1.43.4-2 I: Retrieving libss2 1.43.4-2 I: Validating libss2 1.43.4-2 I: Retrieving libelf1 0.168-1 I: Validating libelf1 0.168-1 I: Retrieving findutils 4.6.0+git+20161106-2 I: Validating findutils 4.6.0+git+20161106-2 I: Retrieving gcc-6-base 6.3.0-18 I: Validating gcc-6-base 6.3.0-18 I: Retrieving libgcc1 1:6.3.0-18 I: Validating libgcc1 1:6.3.0-18 I: Retrieving libstdc++6 6.3.0-18 I: Validating libstdc++6 6.3.0-18 I: Retrieving libgdbm3 1.8.3-14 I: Validating libgdbm3 1.8.3-14 I: Retrieving libc-bin 2.24-11+deb9u1 I: Validating libc-bin 2.24-11+deb9u1 I: Retrieving libc-l10n 2.24-11+deb9u1 I: Validating libc-l10n 2.24-11+deb9u1 I: Retrieving libc6 2.24-11+deb9u1 I: Validating libc6 2.24-11+deb9u1 I: Retrieving locales-all 2.24-11+deb9u1 I: Validating locales-all 2.24-11+deb9u1 I: Retrieving multiarch-support 2.24-11+deb9u1 I: Validating multiarch-support 2.24-11+deb9u1 I: Retrieving libgmp10 2:6.1.2+dfsg-1 I: Validating libgmp10 2:6.1.2+dfsg-1 I: Retrieving gnupg 2.1.18-8~deb9u1 I: Validating gnupg 2.1.18-8~deb9u1 I: Retrieving gnupg-agent 2.1.18-8~deb9u1 I: Validating gnupg-agent 2.1.18-8~deb9u1 I: Retrieving gpgv 2.1.18-8~deb9u1 I: Validating gpgv 2.1.18-8~deb9u1 I: Retrieving libgnutls30 3.5.8-5+deb9u3 I: Validating libgnutls30 3.5.8-5+deb9u3 I: Retrieving grep 2.27-2 I: Validating grep 2.27-2 I: Retrieving gzip 1.6-5+b1 I: Validating gzip 1.6-5+b1 I: Retrieving hostname 3.18+b1 I: Validating hostname 3.18+b1 I: Retrieving ifupdown 0.8.19 I: Validating ifupdown 0.8.19 I: Retrieving init 1.48 I: Validating init 1.48 I: Retrieving init-system-helpers 1.48 I: Validating init-system-helpers 1.48 I: Retrieving iproute2 4.9.0-1 I: Validating iproute2 4.9.0-1 I: Retrieving iptables 1.6.0+snapshot20161117-6 I: Validating iptables 1.6.0+snapshot20161117-6 I: Retrieving libip4tc0 1.6.0+snapshot20161117-6 I: Validating libip4tc0 1.6.0+snapshot20161117-6 I: Retrieving libip6tc0 1.6.0+snapshot20161117-6 I: Validating libip6tc0 1.6.0+snapshot20161117-6 I: Retrieving libiptc0 1.6.0+snapshot20161117-6 I: Validating libiptc0 1.6.0+snapshot20161117-6 I: Retrieving libxtables12 1.6.0+snapshot20161117-6 I: Validating libxtables12 1.6.0+snapshot20161117-6 I: Retrieving iputils-ping 3:20161105-1 I: Validating iputils-ping 3:20161105-1 I: Retrieving isc-dhcp-client 4.3.5-3 I: Validating isc-dhcp-client 4.3.5-3 I: Retrieving isc-dhcp-common 4.3.5-3 I: Validating isc-dhcp-common 4.3.5-3 I: Retrieving kmod 23-2 I: Validating kmod 23-2 I: Retrieving libkmod2 23-2 I: Validating libkmod2 23-2 I: Retrieving libassuan0 2.4.3-2 I: Validating libassuan0 2.4.3-2 I: Retrieving libbsd0 0.8.3-1 I: Validating libbsd0 0.8.3-1 I: Retrieving libcap-ng0 0.7.7-3+b1 I: Validating libcap-ng0 0.7.7-3+b1 I: Retrieving libcap2 1:2.25-1 I: Validating libcap2 1:2.25-1 I: Retrieving libestr0 0.1.10-2 I: Validating libestr0 0.1.10-2 I: Retrieving libfastjson4 0.99.4-1 I: Validating libfastjson4 0.99.4-1 I: Retrieving libffi6 3.2.1-6 I: Validating libffi6 3.2.1-6 I: Retrieving libgcrypt20 1.7.6-2+deb9u2 I: Validating libgcrypt20 1.7.6-2+deb9u2 I: Retrieving libgpg-error0 1.26-2 I: Validating libgpg-error0 1.26-2 I: Retrieving libidn11 1.33-1 I: Validating libidn11 1.33-1 I: Retrieving libidn2-0 0.16-1+deb9u1 I: Validating libidn2-0 0.16-1+deb9u1 I: Retrieving libksba8 1.3.5-2 I: Validating libksba8 1.3.5-2 I: Retrieving liblocale-gettext-perl 1.07-3+b1 I: Validating liblocale-gettext-perl 1.07-3+b1 I: Retrieving liblogging-stdlog0 1.0.5-2+b2 I: Validating liblogging-stdlog0 1.0.5-2+b2 I: Retrieving liblognorm5 2.0.1-1.1+b1 I: Validating liblognorm5 2.0.1-1.1+b1 I: Retrieving libmnl0 1.0.4-2 I: Validating libmnl0 1.0.4-2 I: Retrieving libnetfilter-conntrack3 1.0.6-2 I: Validating libnetfilter-conntrack3 1.0.6-2 I: Retrieving libnfnetlink0 1.0.1-3 I: Validating libnfnetlink0 1.0.1-3 I: Retrieving libpipeline1 1.4.1-2 I: Validating libpipeline1 1.4.1-2 I: Retrieving libpsl5 0.17.0-3 I: Validating libpsl5 0.17.0-3 I: Retrieving libseccomp2 2.3.1-2.1 I: Validating libseccomp2 2.3.1-2.1 I: Retrieving libselinux1 2.6-3+b3 I: Validating libselinux1 2.6-3+b3 I: Retrieving libsemanage-common 2.6-2 I: Validating libsemanage-common 2.6-2 I: Retrieving libsemanage1 2.6-2 I: Validating libsemanage1 2.6-2 I: Retrieving libsepol1 2.6-2 I: Validating libsepol1 2.6-2 I: Retrieving libtasn1-6 4.10-1.1 I: Validating libtasn1-6 4.10-1.1 I: Retrieving libtext-charwidth-perl 0.04-7+b5 I: Validating libtext-charwidth-perl 0.04-7+b5 I: Retrieving libtext-iconv-perl 1.7-5+b4 I: Validating libtext-iconv-perl 1.7-5+b4 I: Retrieving libtext-wrapi18n-perl 0.06-7.1 I: Validating libtext-wrapi18n-perl 0.06-7.1 I: Retrieving libunistring0 0.9.6+really0.9.3-0.1 I: Validating libunistring0 0.9.6+really0.9.3-0.1 I: Retrieving logrotate 3.11.0-0.1 I: Validating logrotate 3.11.0-0.1 I: Retrieving lsb-base 9.20161125 I: Validating lsb-base 9.20161125 I: Retrieving dmsetup 2:1.02.137-2 I: Validating dmsetup 2:1.02.137-2 I: Retrieving libdevmapper1.02.1 2:1.02.137-2 I: Validating libdevmapper1.02.1 2:1.02.137-2 I: Retrieving liblz4-1 0.0~r131-2+b1 I: Validating liblz4-1 0.0~r131-2+b1 I: Retrieving mawk 1.3.3-17+b3 I: Validating mawk 1.3.3-17+b3 I: Retrieving nano 2.7.4-1 I: Validating nano 2.7.4-1 I: Retrieving libncurses5 6.0+20161126-1+deb9u1 I: Validating libncurses5 6.0+20161126-1+deb9u1 I: Retrieving libncursesw5 6.0+20161126-1+deb9u1 I: Validating libncursesw5 6.0+20161126-1+deb9u1 I: Retrieving libtinfo5 6.0+20161126-1+deb9u1 I: Validating libtinfo5 6.0+20161126-1+deb9u1 I: Retrieving ncurses-base 6.0+20161126-1+deb9u1 I: Validating ncurses-base 6.0+20161126-1+deb9u1 I: Retrieving ncurses-bin 6.0+20161126-1+deb9u1 I: Validating ncurses-bin 6.0+20161126-1+deb9u1 I: Retrieving netbase 5.4 I: Validating netbase 5.4 I: Retrieving libhogweed4 3.3-1+b2 I: Validating libhogweed4 3.3-1+b2 I: Retrieving libnettle6 3.3-1+b2 I: Validating libnettle6 3.3-1+b2 I: Retrieving libnewt0.52 0.52.19-1+b1 I: Validating libnewt0.52 0.52.19-1+b1 I: Retrieving whiptail 0.52.19-1+b1 I: Validating whiptail 0.52.19-1+b1 I: Retrieving libnpth0 1.3-1 I: Validating libnpth0 1.3-1 I: Retrieving libssl1.1 1.1.0f-3 I: Validating libssl1.1 1.1.0f-3 I: Retrieving libssl1.0.2 1.0.2l-2 I: Validating libssl1.0.2 1.0.2l-2 I: Retrieving libp11-kit0 0.23.3-2 I: Validating libp11-kit0 0.23.3-2 I: Retrieving libpam-modules 1.1.8-3.6 I: Validating libpam-modules 1.1.8-3.6 I: Retrieving libpam-modules-bin 1.1.8-3.6 I: Validating libpam-modules-bin 1.1.8-3.6 I: Retrieving libpam-runtime 1.1.8-3.6 I: Validating libpam-runtime 1.1.8-3.6 I: Retrieving libpam0g 1.1.8-3.6 I: Validating libpam0g 1.1.8-3.6 I: Retrieving libpcre3 2:8.39-3 I: Validating libpcre3 2:8.39-3 I: Retrieving perl-base 5.24.1-3+deb9u2 I: Validating perl-base 5.24.1-3+deb9u2 I: Retrieving pinentry-curses 1.0.0-2 I: Validating pinentry-curses 1.0.0-2 I: Retrieving libpopt0 1.16-10+b2 I: Validating libpopt0 1.16-10+b2 I: Retrieving libprocps6 2:3.3.12-3 I: Validating libprocps6 2:3.3.12-3 I: Retrieving procps 2:3.3.12-3 I: Validating procps 2:3.3.12-3 I: Retrieving libreadline7 7.0-3 I: Validating libreadline7 7.0-3 I: Retrieving readline-common 7.0-3 I: Validating readline-common 7.0-3 I: Retrieving rsyslog 8.24.0-1 I: Validating rsyslog 8.24.0-1 I: Retrieving sed 4.4-1 I: Validating sed 4.4-1 I: Retrieving sensible-utils 0.0.9 I: Validating sensible-utils 0.0.9 I: Retrieving login 1:4.4-4.1 I: Validating login 1:4.4-4.1 I: Retrieving passwd 1:4.4-4.1 I: Validating passwd 1:4.4-4.1 I: Retrieving libslang2 2.3.1-5 I: Validating libslang2 2.3.1-5 I: Retrieving libsqlite3-0 3.16.2-5 I: Validating libsqlite3-0 3.16.2-5 I: Retrieving libsystemd0 232-25+deb9u1 I: Validating libsystemd0 232-25+deb9u1 I: Retrieving libudev1 232-25+deb9u1 I: Validating libudev1 232-25+deb9u1 I: Retrieving systemd 232-25+deb9u1 I: Validating systemd 232-25+deb9u1 I: Retrieving systemd-sysv 232-25+deb9u1 I: Validating systemd-sysv 232-25+deb9u1 I: Retrieving udev 232-25+deb9u1 I: Validating udev 232-25+deb9u1 I: Retrieving sysvinit-utils 2.88dsf-59.9 I: Validating sysvinit-utils 2.88dsf-59.9 I: Retrieving tar 1.29b-1.1 I: Validating tar 1.29b-1.1 I: Retrieving tasksel 3.39 I: Validating tasksel 3.39 I: Retrieving tasksel-data 3.39 I: Validating tasksel-data 3.39 I: Retrieving tzdata 2017b-1 I: Validating tzdata 2017b-1 I: Retrieving libustr-1.0-1 1.0.4-6 I: Validating libustr-1.0-1 1.0.4-6 I: Retrieving bsdutils 1:2.29.2-1 I: Validating bsdutils 1:2.29.2-1 I: Retrieving libblkid1 2.29.2-1 I: Validating libblkid1 2.29.2-1 I: Retrieving libfdisk1 2.29.2-1 I: Validating libfdisk1 2.29.2-1 I: Retrieving libmount1 2.29.2-1 I: Validating libmount1 2.29.2-1 I: Retrieving libsmartcols1 2.29.2-1 I: Validating libsmartcols1 2.29.2-1 I: Retrieving libuuid1 2.29.2-1 I: Validating libuuid1 2.29.2-1 I: Retrieving mount 2.29.2-1 I: Validating mount 2.29.2-1 I: Retrieving util-linux 2.29.2-1 I: Validating util-linux 2.29.2-1 I: Retrieving vim-common 2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1 I: Validating vim-common 2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1 I: Retrieving vim-tiny 2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1 I: Validating vim-tiny 2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1 I: Retrieving xxd 2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1 I: Validating xxd 2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1 I: Retrieving wget 1.18-5 I: Validating wget 1.18-5 I: Retrieving libxapian30 1.4.3-2 I: Validating libxapian30 1.4.3-2 I: Retrieving liblzma5 5.2.2-1.2+b1 I: Validating liblzma5 5.2.2-1.2+b1 I: Retrieving zlib1g 1:1.2.8.dfsg-5 I: Validating zlib1g 1:1.2.8.dfsg-5 I: Chosen extractor for .deb packages: ar I: Extracting libacl1... I: Extracting libattr1... I: Extracting libaudit-common... I: Extracting libaudit1... I: Extracting base-files... I: Extracting base-passwd... I: Extracting bash... I: Extracting libbz2-1.0... I: Extracting libdebconfclient0... I: Extracting coreutils... I: Extracting dash... I: Extracting libdb5.3... I: Extracting debconf... I: Extracting debianutils... I: Extracting diffutils... I: Extracting dpkg... I: Extracting e2fslibs... I: Extracting e2fsprogs... I: Extracting libcomerr2... I: Extracting libss2... I: Extracting findutils... I: Extracting gcc-6-base... I: Extracting libgcc1... I: Extracting libc-bin... I: Extracting libc6... I: Extracting multiarch-support... I: Extracting grep... I: Extracting gzip... I: Extracting hostname... I: Extracting init-system-helpers... I: Extracting libcap-ng0... I: Extracting libgcrypt20... I: Extracting libgpg-error0... I: Extracting libselinux1... I: Extracting libsemanage-common... I: Extracting libsemanage1... I: Extracting libsepol1... I: Extracting lsb-base... I: Extracting liblz4-1... I: Extracting mawk... I: Extracting libncursesw5... I: Extracting libtinfo5... I: Extracting ncurses-base... I: Extracting ncurses-bin... I: Extracting libpam-modules... I: Extracting libpam-modules-bin... I: Extracting libpam-runtime... I: Extracting libpam0g... I: Extracting libpcre3... I: Extracting perl-base... I: Extracting sed... I: Extracting sensible-utils... I: Extracting login... I: Extracting passwd... I: Extracting libsystemd0... I: Extracting libudev1... I: Extracting sysvinit-utils... I: Extracting tar... I: Extracting tzdata... I: Extracting libustr-1.0-1... I: Extracting bsdutils... I: Extracting libblkid1... I: Extracting libfdisk1... I: Extracting libmount1... I: Extracting libsmartcols1... I: Extracting libuuid1... I: Extracting mount... I: Extracting util-linux... I: Extracting liblzma5... I: Extracting zlib1g... W: Failure trying to run: chroot /home/simon/chroot/debian-stretch dpkg-deb -f /var/cache/apt/archives/dpkg_1.18.24_amd64.deb Version W: See /home/simon/chroot/debian-stretch/debootstrap/debootstrap.log for details W: Failure trying to run: chroot /home/simon/chroot/debian-stretch mount -t proc proc /proc W: See /home/simon/chroot/debian-stretch/debootstrap/debootstrap.log for details
Le chroot est maintenant fonctionnel, on peut démarrer bash dedans :
# chroot chroot/debian-stretch /bin/bash
Pour sortir, on peut simplement faire exit :
# exit
Après avoir tout installé, je me retrouve avec une ubuntu zesty non fonctionnelle. En effet, les fichiers /etc/passwd et /etc/groups manquent. J'ai supprimé toute l'installation, il faudra que je réassaye.
[root@localhost chroot]# debootstrap --arch=amd64 --include=locales-all zesty /home/simon/chroot/zesty/ http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
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I: Retrieving InRelease I: Checking Release signature I: Valid Release signature (key id 790BC7277767219C42C86F933B4FE6ACC0B21F32) I: Retrieving Packages I: Validating Packages I: Resolving dependencies of required packages... I: Resolving dependencies of base packages... I: Checking component main on http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu... E: Couldn't find these debs: locales-all [root@localhost chroot]# debootstrap --arch=amd64 --include=locales zesty /home/simon/chroot/zesty/ http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ I: Retrieving InRelease I: Checking Release signature I: Valid Release signature (key id 790BC7277767219C42C86F933B4FE6ACC0B21F32) I: Validating Packages I: Resolving dependencies of required packages... I: Resolving dependencies of base packages... I: Checking component main on http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu... I: Retrieving adduser 3.113+nmu3ubuntu5 I: Validating adduser 3.113+nmu3ubuntu5 I: Retrieving apt 1.4 I: Validating apt 1.4 I: Retrieving apt-utils 1.4 I: Validating apt-utils 1.4 I: Retrieving base-files 9.6ubuntu13 I: Validating base-files 9.6ubuntu13 I: Retrieving base-passwd 3.5.43 I: Validating base-passwd 3.5.43 I: Retrieving bash 4.4-2ubuntu1 I: Validating bash 4.4-2ubuntu1 I: Retrieving bsdutils 1:2.29-1ubuntu2 I: Validating bsdutils 1:2.29-1ubuntu2 I: Retrieving busybox-initramfs 1:1.22.0-19ubuntu2 I: Validating busybox-initramfs 1:1.22.0-19ubuntu2 I: Retrieving bzip2 1.0.6-8.1 I: Validating bzip2 1.0.6-8.1 I: Retrieving console-setup 1.142ubuntu5 I: Validating console-setup 1.142ubuntu5 I: Retrieving console-setup-linux 1.142ubuntu5 I: Validating console-setup-linux 1.142ubuntu5 I: Retrieving coreutils 8.26-3ubuntu3 I: Validating coreutils 8.26-3ubuntu3 I: Retrieving cpio 2.11+dfsg-6 I: Validating cpio 2.11+dfsg-6 I: Retrieving cron 3.0pl1-128ubuntu2 I: Validating cron 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Validating eject 2.1.5+deb1+cvs20081104-13.2 I: Retrieving file 1:5.29-3 I: Validating file 1:5.29-3 I: Retrieving findutils 4.6.0+git+20161106-2 I: Validating findutils 4.6.0+git+20161106-2 I: Retrieving gcc-6-base 6.3.0-12ubuntu2 I: Validating gcc-6-base 6.3.0-12ubuntu2 I: Retrieving gnupg 2.1.15-1ubuntu7 I: Validating gnupg 2.1.15-1ubuntu7 I: Retrieving gnupg-agent 2.1.15-1ubuntu7 I: Validating gnupg-agent 2.1.15-1ubuntu7 I: Retrieving gnupg-l10n 2.1.15-1ubuntu7 I: Validating gnupg-l10n 2.1.15-1ubuntu7 I: Retrieving gpgv 2.1.15-1ubuntu7 I: Validating gpgv 2.1.15-1ubuntu7 I: Retrieving grep 2.27-2 I: Validating grep 2.27-2 I: Retrieving gzip 1.6-4ubuntu1 I: Validating gzip 1.6-4ubuntu1 I: Retrieving hostname 3.18 I: Validating hostname 3.18 I: Retrieving ifupdown 0.8.16ubuntu1 I: Validating ifupdown 0.8.16ubuntu1 I: Retrieving init 1.47 I: Validating init 1.47 I: Retrieving init-system-helpers 1.47 I: Validating init-system-helpers 1.47 I: Retrieving initramfs-tools 0.125ubuntu9 I: 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Validating libacl1 2.2.52-3 I: Retrieving libapparmor1 2.11.0-2ubuntu4 I: Validating libapparmor1 2.11.0-2ubuntu4 I: Retrieving libapt-inst2.0 1.4 I: Validating libapt-inst2.0 1.4 I: Retrieving libapt-pkg5.0 1.4 I: Validating libapt-pkg5.0 1.4 I: Retrieving libasn1-8-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Validating libasn1-8-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libassuan0 2.4.3-2 I: Validating libassuan0 2.4.3-2 I: Retrieving libatm1 1:2.5.1-2 I: Validating libatm1 1:2.5.1-2 I: Retrieving libattr1 1:2.4.47-2 I: Validating libattr1 1:2.4.47-2 I: Retrieving libaudit-common 1:2.6.6-1ubuntu1 I: Validating libaudit-common 1:2.6.6-1ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libaudit1 1:2.6.6-1ubuntu1 I: Validating libaudit1 1:2.6.6-1ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libblkid1 2.29-1ubuntu2 I: Validating libblkid1 2.29-1ubuntu2 I: Retrieving libbsd0 0.8.3-1 I: Validating libbsd0 0.8.3-1 I: Retrieving libbz2-1.0 1.0.6-8.1 I: Validating libbz2-1.0 1.0.6-8.1 I: Retrieving libc-bin 2.24-9ubuntu2 I: Validating libc-bin 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libestr0 0.1.10-2 I: Validating libestr0 0.1.10-2 I: Retrieving libexpat1 2.2.0-2 I: Validating libexpat1 2.2.0-2 I: Retrieving libfdisk1 2.29-1ubuntu2 I: Validating libfdisk1 2.29-1ubuntu2 I: Retrieving libffi6 3.2.1-6 I: Validating libffi6 3.2.1-6 I: Retrieving libfribidi0 0.19.7-1 I: Validating libfribidi0 0.19.7-1 I: Retrieving libgcc1 1:6.3.0-12ubuntu2 I: Validating libgcc1 1:6.3.0-12ubuntu2 I: Retrieving libgcrypt20 1.7.6-1 I: Validating libgcrypt20 1.7.6-1 I: Retrieving libgmp10 2:6.1.2+dfsg-1 I: Validating libgmp10 2:6.1.2+dfsg-1 I: Retrieving libgnutls30 3.5.6-4ubuntu4 I: Validating libgnutls30 3.5.6-4ubuntu4 I: Retrieving libgpg-error0 1.26-2 I: Validating libgpg-error0 1.26-2 I: Retrieving libgssapi3-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Validating libgssapi3-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libhcrypto4-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Validating libhcrypto4-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libheimbase1-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Validating libheimbase1-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libheimntlm0-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Validating libheimntlm0-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libhogweed4 3.3-1 I: Validating libhogweed4 3.3-1 I: Retrieving libhx509-5-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Validating libhx509-5-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libidn11 1.33-1 I: Validating libidn11 1.33-1 I: Retrieving libip4tc0 1.6.0-3ubuntu2 I: Validating libip4tc0 1.6.0-3ubuntu2 I: Retrieving libisc-export160 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-10.1ubuntu4 I: Validating libisc-export160 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-10.1ubuntu4 I: Retrieving libjson-c3 0.12.1-1.1 I: Validating libjson-c3 0.12.1-1.1 I: Retrieving libklibc 2.0.4-8ubuntu4 I: Validating libklibc 2.0.4-8ubuntu4 I: Retrieving libkmod2 22-1.1ubuntu1 I: Validating libkmod2 22-1.1ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libkrb5-26-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Validating libkrb5-26-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libksba8 1.3.5-2 I: Validating libksba8 1.3.5-2 I: Retrieving libldap-2.4-2 2.4.44+dfsg-3ubuntu2 I: 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libpython3-stdlib 3.5.3-1 I: Retrieving libpython3.5-minimal 3.5.3-1 I: Validating libpython3.5-minimal 3.5.3-1 I: Retrieving libpython3.5-stdlib 3.5.3-1 I: Validating libpython3.5-stdlib 3.5.3-1 I: Retrieving libreadline7 7.0-0ubuntu2 I: Validating libreadline7 7.0-0ubuntu2 I: Retrieving libroken18-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Validating libroken18-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libsasl2-2 2.1.27~101-g0780600+dfsg-2ubuntu1 I: Validating libsasl2-2 2.1.27~101-g0780600+dfsg-2ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libsasl2-modules 2.1.27~101-g0780600+dfsg-2ubuntu1 I: Validating libsasl2-modules 2.1.27~101-g0780600+dfsg-2ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libsasl2-modules-db 2.1.27~101-g0780600+dfsg-2ubuntu1 I: Validating libsasl2-modules-db 2.1.27~101-g0780600+dfsg-2ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libseccomp2 2.3.1-2.1ubuntu1 I: Validating libseccomp2 2.3.1-2.1ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libselinux1 2.6-3 I: Validating libselinux1 2.6-3 I: Retrieving libsemanage-common 2.6-2 I: Validating libsemanage-common 2.6-2 I: 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0.06-7.1 I: Retrieving libtinfo5 6.0+20160625-1ubuntu1 I: Validating libtinfo5 6.0+20160625-1ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libudev1 232-21ubuntu2 I: Validating libudev1 232-21ubuntu2 I: Retrieving libustr-1.0-1 1.0.4-6 I: Validating libustr-1.0-1 1.0.4-6 I: Retrieving libuuid1 2.29-1ubuntu2 I: Validating libuuid1 2.29-1ubuntu2 I: Retrieving libwind0-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Validating libwind0-heimdal 7.1.0+dfsg-9ubuntu1 I: Retrieving libxtables11 1.6.0-3ubuntu2 I: Validating libxtables11 1.6.0-3ubuntu2 I: Retrieving linux-base 4.0ubuntu1 I: Validating linux-base 4.0ubuntu1 I: Retrieving locales 2.24-9ubuntu2 I: Validating locales 2.24-9ubuntu2 I: Retrieving login 1:4.2-3.2ubuntu1 I: Validating login 1:4.2-3.2ubuntu1 I: Retrieving logrotate 3.8.7-2ubuntu3 I: Validating logrotate 3.8.7-2ubuntu3 I: Retrieving lsb-base 9.20160110ubuntu5 I: Validating lsb-base 9.20160110ubuntu5 I: Retrieving lsb-release 9.20160110ubuntu5 I: Validating lsb-release 9.20160110ubuntu5 I: Retrieving mawk 1.3.3-17ubuntu2 I: Validating mawk 1.3.3-17ubuntu2 I: Retrieving mime-support 3.60ubuntu1 I: Validating mime-support 3.60ubuntu1 I: Retrieving mount 2.29-1ubuntu2 I: Validating mount 2.29-1ubuntu2 I: Retrieving multiarch-support 2.24-9ubuntu2 I: Validating multiarch-support 2.24-9ubuntu2 I: Retrieving ncurses-base 6.0+20160625-1ubuntu1 I: Validating ncurses-base 6.0+20160625-1ubuntu1 I: Retrieving ncurses-bin 6.0+20160625-1ubuntu1 I: Validating ncurses-bin 6.0+20160625-1ubuntu1 I: Retrieving netbase 5.4 I: Validating netbase 5.4 I: Retrieving netcat-openbsd 1.130-3 I: Validating netcat-openbsd 1.130-3 I: Retrieving passwd 1:4.2-3.2ubuntu1 I: Validating passwd 1:4.2-3.2ubuntu1 I: Retrieving perl-base 5.24.1-2ubuntu1 I: Validating perl-base 5.24.1-2ubuntu1 I: Retrieving pinentry-curses 1.0.0-2 I: Validating pinentry-curses 1.0.0-2 I: Retrieving procps 2:3.3.12-1ubuntu2 I: Validating procps 2:3.3.12-1ubuntu2 I: Retrieving python3 3.5.3-1 I: Validating python3 3.5.3-1 I: Retrieving 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I: Extracting base-passwd... I: Extracting bash... I: Extracting bsdutils... I: Extracting coreutils... I: Extracting dash... I: Extracting debconf... I: Extracting debianutils... I: Extracting diffutils... I: Extracting dpkg... I: Extracting e2fslibs... I: Extracting e2fsprogs... I: Extracting findutils... I: Extracting gcc-6-base... I: Extracting grep... I: Extracting gzip... I: Extracting hostname... I: Extracting init-system-helpers... I: Extracting libacl1... I: Extracting libattr1... I: Extracting libaudit-common... I: Extracting libaudit1... I: Extracting libblkid1... I: Extracting libbz2-1.0... I: Extracting libc-bin... I: Extracting libc6... I: Extracting libcap-ng0... I: Extracting libcomerr2... I: Extracting libdb5.3... I: Extracting libdebconfclient0... I: Extracting libfdisk1... I: Extracting libgcc1... I: Extracting libgcrypt20... I: Extracting libgpg-error0... I: Extracting liblz4-1... I: Extracting liblzma5... I: Extracting libmount1... I: Extracting libncurses5... 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W: Failure trying to run: chroot /home/simon/chroot/zesty mount -t proc proc /proc W: See /home/simon/chroot/zesty/debootstrap/debootstrap.log for details
On crée un script bash pour lancer le chroot tout en montant les dossier sys, dev et proc :
# vim launch-debian-stretch.sh
Contenu :
#!/bin/bash cd /home/simon/chroot/debian-stretch sudo mount --bind /proc proc sudo mount --bind /sys sys sudo mount --rbind /dev dev sudo chroot . /bin/bash sudo umount sys sudo umount proc sudo umount dev
On rend le script exécutable :
# chmod +x launch-debian-stretch.sh
Avant de lancer le script, on peut regarder le contenu du dossier /sys/ sur la racine principale :
root@laptop:/home/simon/chroot# ls /sys/ block bus class dev devices firmware fs hypervisor kernel module power
On peut regarder le contenu du dossier /sys/ sur la racine du chroot, avant d'utiliser le script pour se connecter.
root@laptop:/home/simon/chroot# ls debian-stretch/sys/
Et si on lance notre script, on entre dans la racine du chroot et on peut voir que les dossiers /sys/ et /proc/ sont bien montés :
root@laptop:/home/simon/chroot# ./debian-stretch.sh root@laptop:/# ls /sys/ block bus class dev devices firmware fs hypervisor kernel module power root@laptop:/# ls -l /proc/ total 0 dr-xr-xr-x 9 root root 0 oct 10 07:49 1 dr-xr-xr-x 9 root root 0 oct 11 11:37 10 dr-xr-xr-x 9 root root 0 oct 11 11:37 100 dr-xr-xr-x 9 1000 1000 0 oct 11 11:37 1003 (...)
On utilise la commande tar pour sauvegarder (et compresser) un “chroot” puis le restaurer :
# tar czvf < nom_archive >.tar.gz < nom_rep >
tar xzvf < nom_archive >.tar.gz
Pour odoo, j'ai installé sudo et à la première utilisation, j'ai eu cette erreur :
$ sudo vim /etc/hostname sudo: pas de tty présent et pas de programme askpass spécifié
Solution (trouvée sur stackoverflow) :
sudo -S true