Sur ubuntu :
# apt install lxc-utils lxcfs
Il y a de nombreuses images téléchargeables pour servir de base.
$ sudo lxc-create -t download -n cequonveut Setting up the GPG keyring Downloading the image index --- DIST RELEASE ARCH VARIANT BUILD --- (...) alpine edge amd64 default 20190918_13:00 (...) centos 6 amd64 default 20190919_07:08 (...) debian buster amd64 default 20190919_05:24 (...)
Téléchargement d'un Debian Buster (amd64) :
$ sudo lxc-create -t download -n buster-base -- --dist debian --release buster --arch amd64
$ sudo lxc-ls -f NAME STATE AUTOSTART GROUPS IPV4 IPV6 UNPRIVILEGED buster-base STOPPED 0 - - - false stretch-base STOPPED 0 - - - false
$ sudo lxc-destroy NOM-IMAGE
$ sudo lxc-start -n stretch-base
On peut vérifier :
$ sudo lxc-ls -f NAME STATE AUTOSTART GROUPS IPV4 IPV6 UNPRIVILEGED buster-base STOPPED 0 - - - false stretch-base RUNNING 0 - 10.0.3.220 - false
$ sudo lxc-stop -n stretch-base
$ sudo lxc-attach -n stretch-base root@stretch-base:/#
Il faut rajouter une ligne dans sa configuration :
$ sudo vim /var/lib/lxc/stretch-base/config (...) lxc.start.auto = 1 (...)
Et redémarrer le conteneur.
J'ai eu des problèmes parce que Bind9 était installé ! Pour vérifier :
$ sudo netstat -lnp | grep ":53 "
S'il y a des lignes aec “named”, supprimez Bind9 (si vous n'en avez pas besoin). Une fois que tout sera installé, voici ce qu'il y aura :
$ sudo netstat -lnp | grep ":53 " tcp 0 0 10.0.3.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7330/dnsmasq udp 0 0 10.0.3.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 7330/dnsmasq
Il faut installer dnsmasq-base avant tout chose.
$ sudo apt remove bind9 $ sudo apt install dnsmasq-base $ sudo cat /etc/lxc/lxc-net USE_LXC_BRIDGE="true" $ sudo /etc/lxc/default.conf lxc.net.0.type = veth lxc.net.0.link = lxcbr0 lxc.net.0.flags = up lxc.net.0.hwaddr = 00:16:3e:xx:xx:xx $ sudo systemctl enable lxc-net.service $ sudo systemctl start lxc-net.service $ sudo systemctl status lxc-net ● lxc-net.service - LXC network bridge setup Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/lxc-net.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (exited) since Mon 2019-10-07 08:41:41 UTC; 14min ago Process: 7297 ExecStart=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lxc/lxc-net start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 7297 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Memory: 2.0M CGroup: /system.slice/lxc-net.service └─7330 dnsmasq -u dnsmasq --strict-order --bind-interfaces --pid-file=/run/lxc/dnsmasq.pid --listen-address 10.0.3.1 --dhcp-range 10.0.3.2,10.0.3.2 oct. 07 08:41:40 ns334000 lxc-net[7297]: iptables: Bad rule (does a matching rule exist in that chain?). oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq[7330]: demarré, version 2.80 (taille de cache 150) oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq[7330]: options à la compilation : IPv6 GNU-getopt DBus i18n IDN DHCP DHCPv6 no-Lua TFTP conntrack ipset auth DNSSEC loop-det oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq-dhcp[7330]: DHCP, plage d'adresses IP 10.0.3.2 -- 10.0.3.254, durée de bail 1h oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq-dhcp[7330]: DHCP, sockets bound exclusively to interface lxcbr0 oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq[7330]: Lecture de /etc/resolv.conf oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq[7330]: utilise le serveur de nom 127.0.0.1#53 oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq[7330]: utilise le serveur de nom 213.186.33.99#53 oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq[7330]: lecture /etc/hosts - 6 adresses oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 systemd[1]: Started LXC network bridge setup. $ sudo systemctl restart lxc $ sudo systemctl status lxc ● lxc.service - LXC Container Initialization and Autoboot Code Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/lxc.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (exited) since Mon 2019-10-07 08:56:53 UTC; 4s ago Docs: man:lxc-autostart man:lxc Process: 7620 ExecStartPre=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lxc/lxc-apparmor-load (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 7621 ExecStart=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lxc/lxc-containers start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 7621 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) oct. 07 08:56:53 ns334000 systemd[1]: Starting LXC Container Initialization and Autoboot Code... oct. 07 08:56:53 ns334000 systemd[1]: Started LXC Container Initialization and Autoboot Code.
Notes : Il y a des exemples dans la doc :
$ sudo cat /usr/share/doc/lxc/examples/lxc-veth.conf # Container with network virtualized using a pre-configured bridge named br0 and # veth pair virtual network devices lxc.uts.name = beta lxc.net.0.type = veth lxc.net.0.flags = up lxc.net.0.link = br0 lxc.net.0.hwaddr = 4a:49:43:49:79:bf lxc.net.0.ipv4.address = 10.2.3.5/24 lxc.net.0.ipv6.address = 2003:db8:1:0:214:1234:fe0b:3597
Source : serverfault.com
On ajoute une ligne dans /etc/lxc/lxc-net pour utiliser la configuration dnsmasq du fichier /etc/lxc/dnsmasq.conf :
$ sudo cat /etc/lxc/lxc-net USE_LXC_BRIDGE="true" LXC_DHCP_CONFILE=/etc/lxc/dnsmasq.conf $ sudo cat /etc/lxc/dnsmasq.conf dhcp-host=caliban,10.0.3.2
On commente la ligne concernant l'ip fixe dans la configuration du conteneur :
# cat /var/lib/lxc/buster-base/config (...) # Network configuration lxc.net.0.type = veth lxc.net.0.link = lxcbr0 lxc.net.0.flags = up lxc.net.0.hwaddr = 00:16:3e:22:1a:9e #lxc.net.0.ipv4.address = 10.0.3.2/24
On éteint le conteneur et on redémarre le service lxc-net :
$ sudo lxc-stop buster-base $ sudo systemctl restart lxc-net $ sudo systemctl status lxc-net ● lxc-net.service - LXC network bridge setup (...) CGroup: /system.slice/lxc-net.service └─15671 dnsmasq --conf-file=/etc/lxc/dnsmasq.conf -u dnsmasq --strict-order --bind-interfaces --pid-file=/run/lxc/dnsmasq.pid --listen-address 10.0.3(...) (...) $ sudo lxc-start buster-base $ sudo lxc-ls -f NAME STATE AUTOSTART GROUPS IPV4 IPV6 UNPRIVILEGED buster-base RUNNING 0 - 10.0.3.2 - false
Et voilà, notre conteneur “buster-base” aura toujours l'adresse IP 10.0.3.2 !
Chaque conteneur a sa configuration dans ce dossier :
$ sudo ls -al /var/lib/lxc/buster-base/ total 16 drwxrwx--- 3 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:39 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:39 .. -rw-r----- 1 root root 809 oct. 7 08:39 config drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:40 rootfs $ sudo cat /var/lib/lxc/buster-base/config # Template used to create this container: /usr/share/lxc/templates/lxc-download # Parameters passed to the template: --dist debian --release buster --arch amd64 # Template script checksum (SHA-1): 273c51343604eb85f7e294c8da0a5eb769d648f3 # For additional config options, please look at lxc.container.conf(5) # Uncomment the following line to support nesting containers: #lxc.include = /usr/share/lxc/config/nesting.conf # (Be aware this has security implications) # Distribution configuration lxc.include = /usr/share/lxc/config/common.conf lxc.arch = linux64 # Container specific configuration lxc.rootfs.path = dir:/var/lib/lxc/buster-base/rootfs lxc.uts.name = buster-base # Network configuration lxc.net.0.type = veth lxc.net.0.link = lxcbr0 lxc.net.0.flags = up lxc.net.0.hwaddr = 00:16:3e:9d:7f:53
C'est donc là qu'on peut faire les configurations spécifiques à chaque conteneur !
On a vu juste au dessus où se trouvait la configuration spécifique de chaque conteneur. C'est également dans ce dossier qu'il y a le rootfs de chaque conteneur :
$ sudo ls -al /var/lib/lxc/buster-base/rootfs/ total 84 drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:40 . drwxrwx--- 3 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:39 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:26 bin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 août 30 12:31 boot drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:39 dev drwxr-xr-x 40 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:40 etc drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 août 30 12:31 home drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:26 lib drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:26 lib64 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:25 media drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:25 mnt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:25 opt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 août 30 12:31 proc drwx------ 2 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:44 root drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:26 run drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:26 sbin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:25 srv drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 août 30 12:31 sys drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:56 tmp drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:25 usr drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:25 var
Bon à savoir pour les sauvegardes !
# lxc-stop monContainer # cd /var/lib/lxc/monContainer/ root@ns334000:/var/lib/lxc/monContainer# tar --numeric-owner -czvf monContainer_fs_`date "+%Y-%m-%d"`.tar.gz ./* root@ns334000:/var/lib/lxc/monContainer# ls monContainer_fs_2019-10-19.tar.gz config rootfs snaps
$ sudo lxc-stop -n monconteneur $ su $ cd /var/lib/lxc/monconteneur/ # tar --numeric-owner -czvf monconteneur_fs.tar.gz ./* # ll total 208692 -rw-r----- 1 root root 795 oct 10 11:43 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 213684873 oct 10 17:03 monconteneur_fs.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 oct 10 11:43 rootfs
On copie dans le dossier de l'utilisateur (root n'ayant pas les accès ssh de mon utilisateur) :
# mv monconteneur_fs.tar.gz /home/simon/tmp/ # chown simon:simon /home/simon/tmp/monconteneur_fs.tar.gz
On repasse en utilisateur “normal” et on envoie sur un autre serveur
$ scp /home/simon/tmp/monconteneur_fs.tar.gz simon@192.168.14.12:~/
Sur le serveur :
$ simon@192.168.14.12 simon@server:~$ sudo -s root@server:/home/simon# mkdir /var/lib/lxc/monconteneur root@server:/home/simon# cd /var/lib/lxc/monconteneur/ root@server:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# cp /home/simon/monconteneur_fs.tar.gz /var/lib/lxc/monconteneur/ root@server:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# ls monconteneur_fs.tar.gz root@server:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# tar --numeric-owner -xzvf monconteneur_fs.tar.gz root@server:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# ls config monconteneur_fs.tar.gz rootfs root@ns334000:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# lxc-ls -f NAME STATE AUTOSTART GROUPS IPV4 IPV6 UNPRIVILEGED (...) monconteneur STOPPED 0 - - - false root@ns334000:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# lxc-start monconteneur root@ns334000:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# lxc-ls -f NAME STATE AUTOSTART GROUPS IPV4 IPV6 UNPRIVILEGED (...) monconteneur RUNNING 0 - 10.0.3.13 - false root@server:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# lxc-attach monconteneur root@monconteneur:/#
Source : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23427129/how-do-i-backup-move-lxc-containers
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
Solution :
# dpkg-reconfigure locales