====== LXC ======
===== Installation =====
Sur ubuntu :
# apt install lxc-utils lxcfs
===== Voir les images utilisables =====
Il y a de nombreuses images téléchargeables pour servir de base.
$ sudo lxc-create -t download -n cequonveut
Setting up the GPG keyring
Downloading the image index
---
DIST RELEASE ARCH VARIANT BUILD
---
(...)
alpine edge amd64 default 20190918_13:00
(...)
centos 6 amd64 default 20190919_07:08
(...)
debian buster amd64 default 20190919_05:24
(...)
===== Télécharger une image =====
Téléchargement d'un Debian Buster (amd64) :
$ sudo lxc-create -t download -n buster-base -- --dist debian --release buster --arch amd64
Setting up the GPG keyring
Downloading the image index
Downloading the rootfs
Downloading the metadata
The image cache is now ready
Unpacking the rootfs
---
You just created a Debian buster amd64 (20190919_05:24) container.
To enable SSH, run: apt install openssh-server
No default root or user password are set by LXC.
$ sudo lxc-create -t download -n stretch-base -- --dist debian --release stretch --arch amd64
Setting up the GPG keyring
Downloading the image index
Downloading the rootfs
Downloading the metadata
The image cache is now ready
Unpacking the rootfs
---
You just created a Debian stretch amd64 (20190919_05:24) container.
To enable SSH, run: apt install openssh-server
No default root or user password are set by LXC.
===== Voir les images téléchargées sur l'ordinateur =====
$ sudo lxc-ls -f
NAME STATE AUTOSTART GROUPS IPV4 IPV6 UNPRIVILEGED
buster-base STOPPED 0 - - - false
stretch-base STOPPED 0 - - - false
===== Supprimer une image =====
$ sudo lxc-destroy NOM-IMAGE
===== Démarrer un container LXC =====
$ sudo lxc-start -n stretch-base
On peut vérifier :
$ sudo lxc-ls -f
NAME STATE AUTOSTART GROUPS IPV4 IPV6 UNPRIVILEGED
buster-base STOPPED 0 - - - false
stretch-base RUNNING 0 - 10.0.3.220 - false
===== Arrêter un container LXC =====
$ sudo lxc-stop -n stretch-base
===== Se connecter à un conteneur LXC =====
$ sudo lxc-attach -n stretch-base
root@stretch-base:/#
===== Configurer un conteneur en "autostart" =====
Il faut rajouter une ligne dans sa configuration :
$ sudo vim /var/lib/lxc/stretch-base/config
(...)
lxc.start.auto = 1
(...)
Et redémarrer le conteneur.
===== Du réseau dans le conteneur =====
Sources :
* [[https://wiki.debian.org/LXC/SimpleBridge|SimpleBridge (wiki.debian.org)]]
* [[https://angristan.xyz/setup-network-bridge-lxc-net/|Setup network bridge lxc-net (angristan.xyz)]]
==== Configuration de base (dhcp) ====
J'ai eu des problèmes parce que Bind9 était installé ! Pour vérifier :
$ sudo netstat -lnp | grep ":53 "
S'il y a des lignes aec "named", supprimez Bind9 (si vous n'en avez pas besoin). Une fois que tout sera installé, voici ce qu'il y aura :
$ sudo netstat -lnp | grep ":53 "
tcp 0 0 10.0.3.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7330/dnsmasq
udp 0 0 10.0.3.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 7330/dnsmasq
Il faut installer [[dnsmasq-base]] avant tout chose.
$ sudo apt remove bind9
$ sudo apt install dnsmasq-base
$ sudo cat /etc/lxc/lxc-net
USE_LXC_BRIDGE="true"
$ sudo /etc/lxc/default.conf
lxc.net.0.type = veth
lxc.net.0.link = lxcbr0
lxc.net.0.flags = up
lxc.net.0.hwaddr = 00:16:3e:xx:xx:xx
$ sudo systemctl enable lxc-net.service
$ sudo systemctl start lxc-net.service
$ sudo systemctl status lxc-net
● lxc-net.service - LXC network bridge setup
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/lxc-net.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (exited) since Mon 2019-10-07 08:41:41 UTC; 14min ago
Process: 7297 ExecStart=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lxc/lxc-net start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 7297 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Memory: 2.0M
CGroup: /system.slice/lxc-net.service
└─7330 dnsmasq -u dnsmasq --strict-order --bind-interfaces --pid-file=/run/lxc/dnsmasq.pid --listen-address 10.0.3.1 --dhcp-range 10.0.3.2,10.0.3.2
oct. 07 08:41:40 ns334000 lxc-net[7297]: iptables: Bad rule (does a matching rule exist in that chain?).
oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq[7330]: demarré, version 2.80 (taille de cache 150)
oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq[7330]: options à la compilation : IPv6 GNU-getopt DBus i18n IDN DHCP DHCPv6 no-Lua TFTP conntrack ipset auth DNSSEC loop-det
oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq-dhcp[7330]: DHCP, plage d'adresses IP 10.0.3.2 -- 10.0.3.254, durée de bail 1h
oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq-dhcp[7330]: DHCP, sockets bound exclusively to interface lxcbr0
oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq[7330]: Lecture de /etc/resolv.conf
oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq[7330]: utilise le serveur de nom 127.0.0.1#53
oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq[7330]: utilise le serveur de nom 213.186.33.99#53
oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 dnsmasq[7330]: lecture /etc/hosts - 6 adresses
oct. 07 08:41:41 ns334000 systemd[1]: Started LXC network bridge setup.
$ sudo systemctl restart lxc
$ sudo systemctl status lxc
● lxc.service - LXC Container Initialization and Autoboot Code
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/lxc.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (exited) since Mon 2019-10-07 08:56:53 UTC; 4s ago
Docs: man:lxc-autostart
man:lxc
Process: 7620 ExecStartPre=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lxc/lxc-apparmor-load (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 7621 ExecStart=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lxc/lxc-containers start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 7621 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
oct. 07 08:56:53 ns334000 systemd[1]: Starting LXC Container Initialization and Autoboot Code...
oct. 07 08:56:53 ns334000 systemd[1]: Started LXC Container Initialization and Autoboot Code.
__Notes :__ Il y a des exemples dans la doc :
$ sudo cat /usr/share/doc/lxc/examples/lxc-veth.conf
# Container with network virtualized using a pre-configured bridge named br0 and
# veth pair virtual network devices
lxc.uts.name = beta
lxc.net.0.type = veth
lxc.net.0.flags = up
lxc.net.0.link = br0
lxc.net.0.hwaddr = 4a:49:43:49:79:bf
lxc.net.0.ipv4.address = 10.2.3.5/24
lxc.net.0.ipv6.address = 2003:db8:1:0:214:1234:fe0b:3597
==== IP statique (dhcp) ====
__Source :__ [[https://serverfault.com/questions/697143/how-to-set-dhcp-ips-of-standard-lxc-containers|serverfault.com]]
On ajoute une ligne dans ''/etc/lxc/lxc-net'' pour utiliser la configuration dnsmasq du fichier ''/etc/lxc/dnsmasq.conf'' :
$ sudo cat /etc/lxc/lxc-net
USE_LXC_BRIDGE="true"
LXC_DHCP_CONFILE=/etc/lxc/dnsmasq.conf
$ sudo cat /etc/lxc/dnsmasq.conf
dhcp-host=caliban,10.0.3.2
On commente la ligne concernant l'ip fixe dans la configuration du conteneur :
# cat /var/lib/lxc/buster-base/config
(...)
# Network configuration
lxc.net.0.type = veth
lxc.net.0.link = lxcbr0
lxc.net.0.flags = up
lxc.net.0.hwaddr = 00:16:3e:22:1a:9e
#lxc.net.0.ipv4.address = 10.0.3.2/24
On éteint le conteneur et on redémarre le service lxc-net :
$ sudo lxc-stop buster-base
$ sudo systemctl restart lxc-net
$ sudo systemctl status lxc-net
● lxc-net.service - LXC network bridge setup
(...)
CGroup: /system.slice/lxc-net.service
└─15671 dnsmasq --conf-file=/etc/lxc/dnsmasq.conf -u dnsmasq --strict-order --bind-interfaces --pid-file=/run/lxc/dnsmasq.pid --listen-address 10.0.3(...)
(...)
$ sudo lxc-start buster-base
$ sudo lxc-ls -f
NAME STATE AUTOSTART GROUPS IPV4 IPV6 UNPRIVILEGED
buster-base RUNNING 0 - 10.0.3.2 - false
Et voilà, notre conteneur "buster-base" aura toujours l'adresse IP 10.0.3.2 !
===== La configuration de chaque conteneur =====
Chaque conteneur a sa configuration dans ce dossier :
$ sudo ls -al /var/lib/lxc/buster-base/
total 16
drwxrwx--- 3 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:39 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:39 ..
-rw-r----- 1 root root 809 oct. 7 08:39 config
drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:40 rootfs
$ sudo cat /var/lib/lxc/buster-base/config
# Template used to create this container: /usr/share/lxc/templates/lxc-download
# Parameters passed to the template: --dist debian --release buster --arch amd64
# Template script checksum (SHA-1): 273c51343604eb85f7e294c8da0a5eb769d648f3
# For additional config options, please look at lxc.container.conf(5)
# Uncomment the following line to support nesting containers:
#lxc.include = /usr/share/lxc/config/nesting.conf
# (Be aware this has security implications)
# Distribution configuration
lxc.include = /usr/share/lxc/config/common.conf
lxc.arch = linux64
# Container specific configuration
lxc.rootfs.path = dir:/var/lib/lxc/buster-base/rootfs
lxc.uts.name = buster-base
# Network configuration
lxc.net.0.type = veth
lxc.net.0.link = lxcbr0
lxc.net.0.flags = up
lxc.net.0.hwaddr = 00:16:3e:9d:7f:53
C'est donc là qu'on peut faire les configurations spécifiques à chaque conteneur !
===== Le rootfs de chaque conteneur =====
On a vu juste au dessus où se trouvait la configuration spécifique de chaque conteneur. C'est également dans ce dossier qu'il y a le **rootfs** de chaque conteneur :
$ sudo ls -al /var/lib/lxc/buster-base/rootfs/
total 84
drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:40 .
drwxrwx--- 3 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:39 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:26 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 août 30 12:31 boot
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:39 dev
drwxr-xr-x 40 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:40 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 août 30 12:31 home
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:26 lib
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:26 lib64
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:25 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:25 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:25 opt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 août 30 12:31 proc
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:44 root
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:26 run
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:26 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:25 srv
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 août 30 12:31 sys
drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4096 oct. 7 08:56 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:25 usr
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 oct. 6 05:25 var
Bon à savoir pour les sauvegardes !
===== Sauvegarder un container =====
# lxc-stop monContainer
# cd /var/lib/lxc/monContainer/
root@ns334000:/var/lib/lxc/monContainer# tar --numeric-owner -czvf monContainer_fs_`date "+%Y-%m-%d"`.tar.gz ./*
root@ns334000:/var/lib/lxc/monContainer# ls
monContainer_fs_2019-10-19.tar.gz config rootfs snaps
===== Déplacer un conteneur =====
$ sudo lxc-stop -n monconteneur
$ su
$ cd /var/lib/lxc/monconteneur/
# tar --numeric-owner -czvf monconteneur_fs.tar.gz ./*
# ll
total 208692
-rw-r----- 1 root root 795 oct 10 11:43 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 213684873 oct 10 17:03 monconteneur_fs.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 oct 10 11:43 rootfs
On copie dans le dossier de l'utilisateur (root n'ayant pas les accès ssh de mon utilisateur) :
# mv monconteneur_fs.tar.gz /home/simon/tmp/
# chown simon:simon /home/simon/tmp/monconteneur_fs.tar.gz
On repasse en utilisateur "normal" et on envoie sur un autre serveur
$ scp /home/simon/tmp/monconteneur_fs.tar.gz simon@192.168.14.12:~/
Sur le serveur :
$ simon@192.168.14.12
simon@server:~$ sudo -s
root@server:/home/simon# mkdir /var/lib/lxc/monconteneur
root@server:/home/simon# cd /var/lib/lxc/monconteneur/
root@server:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# cp /home/simon/monconteneur_fs.tar.gz /var/lib/lxc/monconteneur/
root@server:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# ls
monconteneur_fs.tar.gz
root@server:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# tar --numeric-owner -xzvf monconteneur_fs.tar.gz
root@server:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# ls
config monconteneur_fs.tar.gz rootfs
root@ns334000:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# lxc-ls -f
NAME STATE AUTOSTART GROUPS IPV4 IPV6 UNPRIVILEGED
(...)
monconteneur STOPPED 0 - - - false
root@ns334000:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# lxc-start monconteneur
root@ns334000:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# lxc-ls -f
NAME STATE AUTOSTART GROUPS IPV4 IPV6 UNPRIVILEGED
(...)
monconteneur RUNNING 0 - 10.0.3.13 - false
root@server:/var/lib/lxc/monconteneur# lxc-attach monconteneur
root@monconteneur:/#
__Source :__ [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23427129/how-do-i-backup-move-lxc-containers|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23427129/how-do-i-backup-move-lxc-containers]]
===== Cas pratiques =====
* [[Le site de caliban.be dans LXC]]
* [[Duniter dans LXC]]
* [[Nextcloud dans LXC]]
* [[Nextcloud dans LXC - 2]]
* [[https://simonlefort.be/nginx#installation_de_nginx_dans_un_conteneur_lxc|Nginx dans LXC]]
* [[https://simonlefort.be/postfix#installation_de_postfix_dans_un_conteneur_lxc|Postfix dans LXC]]
* [[Yunohost dans LXC]]
===== Soucis rencontrés =====
==== Locales ====
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
Solution :
# dpkg-reconfigure locales
===== Sources =====
* [[https://xn--1ca.se/lxc-linux-containers/|xn--1ca.se]]
* [[https://linux-ariege.eu.org/index.php?article13/les-conteneurs-lxc|linux-ariege.eu.org]] - les conteneurs lxc
* [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23427129/how-do-i-backup-move-lxc-containers|How do i backup and move lxc containers]]